Sources & research method
All 92 sources consulted for this site, alphabetized and searchable. Each chapter also carries its own numbered footnotes; hover or tap a footnote marker to preview it.
How this research was done
Facts were gathered from municipal and government documents of the Dominican Republic, the records indexes of FamilySearch and the Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía, encyclopedic references, Spanish heraldic and surname-statistics databases, and current news reporting from the Dominican Republic and the Philippines through October 2026.
Where sources disagree — for example, whether Juanico Aquino brought coffee to Castillo around 1884 or in 1897 — both versions are shown. Where a connection is plausible but undocumented, it is labeled as a hypothesis. Surname-count figures are estimates published by the cited databases, not census tallies.
Some public government documents consulted here list living people together with their cédula numbers. This site deliberately does not reproduce any identification number.
Full bibliography
- 01ABS-CBN News — Former President Noynoy Aquino dies at 61Benigno Aquino III died 24 June 2021.Cited in: Philippineshttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/06/24/21/benigno-aquino-iii-noynoy-aquino-death
- 02ABS-CBN — Kris Aquino reveals recent operation (Oct 2026)Health update from Kris Aquino, October 2026.Cited in: Aquino Todayhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2026/10/16/kris-aquino-reveals-recent-operation-and-shares-new-health-update-there-are-not-so-great-numbers-1043
- 03ACN — Aquino, ¿un récord irrompible? (Jan 2026)Back-to-back no-hitters in Cuba's 5th Serie Nacional, January 1966.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.acn.cu/especiales/aquino-un-record-irrompible-2
- 04Amlat Magaleño — Magalang and the Aquinos (2018)Hilario Aquino, gobernadorcillo of Magalang 1854; Braulio, gobernadorcillo of Concepción 1885–1887.Cited in: Home, Philippineshttps://amlatmagaleno.blogspot.com/2018/08/magalang-and-aquinos.html
- 05Apelidos de Galicia — AquinoDistribution in Spain by province of birth (Huelva, Madrid, Barcelona, Sevilla, Cádiz).Cited in: Spain & Napleshttps://apelidosgalicia.org/aquino-5162
- 06Ayuntamiento de Castillo — 112 años de municipalidad (2019)Anniversary article; Castillo described as home of some of the world's best cacao.Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://ayuntamientocastillo.gob.do/castillo-112-anos-de-municipalidad-y-desarrollo-1907-2019/
- 07Ayuntamiento Municipal de Castillo — HistoriaOfficial municipal history of Castillo, Duarte (founding families, Juanico Aquino, 1907 municipality).Cited in: Aquino Today, Around the World, Dominican Republic, Home, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://ayuntamientocastillo.gob.do/historia/
- 08Britannica — Iva Toguri D'AquinoAmerican broadcaster labeled 'Tokyo Rose', convicted 1949, pardoned 1977.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Iva-Toguri-DAquino
- 09Clío (Academia Dominicana de la Historia), 1956 — Familias de Santo DomingoColonial-era genealogical notes from Santo Domingo.Cited in: Dominican Republichttps://catalogo.academiadominicanahistoria.org.do/opac-tmpl/files/ppcodice/Clio-1956-024-106-008-024.pdf
- 10Cámara de Cuentas — Funcionarios omisos en la DJP (2016)Lists Ramón Esteban Aquino Arias as alcalde of Arenoso, Duarte.Cited in: Dominican Republic, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://camaradecuentas.gob.do/phocadownload/Area_sustantivas/Declaracion_Jurada/Reportes/OMISOS/2016/funcionarios%20omisos%20en%20la%20entrega%20de%20su%20djp.%20actualizado%20al%202%20de%20agosto%20de%202016.pdf
- 11Diario Libre — Cómo ha evolucionado la cédula dominicana (2024)History of the Dominican cédula: 1932 Law 247 librito with number and series, 1940 women, 1992 Law 8-92, 2014 format, 2024 renewal.Cited in: Home, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.diariolibre.com/actualidad/politica/2024/01/04/como-ha-evolucionado-la-cedula-de-identidad-y-electoral-dominicana/2568028
- 12Diario Libre — Fernando Aquino analiza ascenso político de dominicanos en NY (Oct 2026)On his book about Dominican political rise in New York City.Cited in: Aquino Today, Dominican Republichttps://www.diariolibre.com/usa/actualidad/2026/10/21/fernando-aquino-analiza-ascenso-politico-de-dominicanos-en-ny/3690336
- 13Diario Paraguayo — General José Elizardo AquinoBorn 8 March 1825 in Zárate Isla, Luque; died 19 July 1866; Asunción street named for him in 1926.Cited in: Around the Worldhttp://www.diarioparaguayo.com.py/public/noticias/ejercito-paraguayo
- 14Diccionario Funglode — Aquino, DarwinBiographical entry for Dominican composer and conductor Darwin Aquino.Cited in: Dominican Republichttps://diccionario.funglode.org/aquino-darwin/
- 15EcuRed — Municipio Castillo (República Dominicana)First settlers, 1885 cantonal petition, Cantón de Juan Díaz, 1907 común.Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.ecured.cu/Municipio_Castillo_(Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana)
- 16El Diario de Hoy — La cueva de Anastasio Aquino (2026)Execution in San Vicente on 24 July 1833; April commemorations in Santiago Nonualco.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.elsalvador.com/turismo/cultura-viva/cueva-anastasio-aquino-santiago-nonualco/1281325/2026/
- 17El Nuevo Diario — Abinader reconoce al monteplatense Fernando AquinoFernando Aquino of Sabana Grande de Boyá, Monte Plata, recognized in New York.Cited in: Dominican Republichttps://elnuevodiario.com.do/presidente-abinader-reconoce-al-monteplatense-fernando-aquino-en-nueva-york/
- 18Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural — Baden PowellBiography of guitarist Baden Powell de Aquino.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://enciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br/pessoas/4160-baden-powell
- 19FamilySearch Ancestors — Epifanio Aquino Encarnación (1888–1973)Born 1888 in Sabana Grande de Palenque, San Cristóbal.Cited in: Dominican Republic, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LY4K-PFM/epifanio-aquino-encarnaci%C3%B3n-1888-1973
- 20FamilySearch Ancestors — Gregorio Aquino Báez (1893–1968)Born in Sabana Grande de Palenque, San Cristóbal; father Jerónimo Aquino Troncoso.Cited in: Dominican Republic, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/KCN9-BVF/gregorio-aquino-baez-1893-1968
- 21FamilySearch Research Wiki — Castillo, Duarte GenealogyParish and civil-registry holdings for Castillo (San Isidro parish 1898–1926; civil registry 1874–2009).Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Castillo,_Duarte,_Dominican_Republic_Genealogy
- 22FamilySearch Research Wiki — San Francisco de Macorís GenealogyRecords for the mother municipality of Castillo.Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/San_Francisco_de_Macor%C3%ADs,_Duarte,_Dominican_Republic_Genealogy
- 23FamilySearch — Aquino surname in the PhilippinesDevotional origin honoring St Thomas Aquinas; in the Catálogo de Apellidos; top provinces.Cited in: Dominican Republic, Home, Italian Origins, Philippineshttps://www.familysearch.org/en/philippines/surname/Aquino
- 24FamilySearch — Dominican Republic Births and Baptisms, 1828–1917Index collection.Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.familysearch.org/en/search/collection/1475794
- 25FamilySearch — Dominican Republic Catholic Church Records, 1590–1975Parish register images by diocese and parish.Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.familysearch.org/en/search/collection/1918910
- 26FamilySearch — Dominican Republic Civil Registration, 1744–2019Indexed and image collection of DR civil records.Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.familysearch.org/en/search/collection/1619814
- 27Forebears — Aquino surnameWorldwide incidence and frequency by country.Cited in: Aquino Today, Around the World, Home, Philippines, Spain & Napleshttps://forebears.io/surnames/aquino
- 28Forebears — Most common surnames in the Dominican RepublicAquino ranks 63rd in the DR with 31,853 bearers (1 in 328).Cited in: Aquino Today, Around the World, Dominican Republic, Homehttps://forebears.io/dominican-republic/surnames
- 29Genealogy.ph — Clavería's DecreeText and explanation of the 1849 decree.Cited in: Philippineshttps://www.genealogy.ph/claverias-decree/
- 30Geneanet — Hernández Brea family tree (Santo Domingo)Aquino Amador, b. 1807, son of Bruno Aquino Montes de Oca and Vicenta Amador Hevia.Cited in: Dominican Republic, Homehttps://gw.geneanet.org/mhhernandezbrea?lang=en&m=P&v=rafael
- 31Genera — Sobrenome AquinoNotes the name spread through devotion to St Thomas Aquinas.Cited in: Home, Italian Originshttps://sobrenomes.genera.com.br/sobrenomes/aquino/
- 32GMA News — Ninoy Aquino Day marked with Mass at Aquino family tomb (Aug 2026)43rd death anniversary of Ninoy Aquino, 21 August 2026.Cited in: Aquino Todayhttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/999348/ninoy-aquino-day-marked-with-mass-at-aquino-family-tomb/story/
- 33Heráldica Familiar — Apellido AquinoToponymic origin in Aquino (Frosinone); arms: banded of twelve pieces, gold and red.Cited in: Home, Italian Origins, Spain & Napleshttps://www.heraldicafamiliar.com/aquino/
- 34Historia Hoy — Martín Aquino, el Moreira orientalUruguayan rural outlaw-hero born near Tala around 1889.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://historiahoy.com.ar/135279-martin-aquino-el-moreira-oriental/
- 35Infobae — Claudio Aquino, la voz de la experiencia del Vélez campeón (Dec 2024)Argentine playmaker who won titles in Paraguay and with Vélez Sarsfield.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2024/12/16/claudio-aquino-la-voz-de-la-experiencia-y-la-excelencia-del-velez-campeon/
- 36Infobae — El rey de los Nonualcos: Anastasio Aquino (Jul 2026)First great indigenous uprising of republican El Salvador and its legacy.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.infobae.com/el-salvador/2026/07/24/el-rey-de-los-nonualcos-anastasio-aquino-el-lider-indigena-que-desafio-el-poder-en-el-salvador/
- 37Inquirer — Aquino unveils historical marker at ancestral home in TarlacHistorical marker at the Concepción ancestral house.Cited in: Philippineshttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/56633/aquino-unveils-historical-marker-at-ancestral-home-in-tarlac
- 38Inquirer — Comelec proclaims Senate winners (2025)Official 2025 Senate tallies.Cited in: Aquino Todayhttps://www.inquirer.net/444213/comelec-proclaims-senate-winners/
- 39Instituto Dominicano de GenealogíaThe Dominican Republic's genealogical society.Cited in: Referencehttps://www.idg.org.do/
- 40Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía — Padrón de San Francisco de Macorís, 18121812 census capsule: Pedro and Francisca Aquino in the Partido de las Guásumas; a child named Tomás de Aquino.Cited in: Dominican Republic, Home, Italian Origins, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.idg.org.do/capsulas/agosto2008/agosto200816.htm
- 41Los Angeles Times — Aquino is new WBC champion (13 Jul 1987)Report of Lupe Aquino's title win over Duane Thomas in France.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-07-13-sp-2131-story.html
- 42Mapa de municipios de la República Dominicana (nombre del municipio y serie)Municipal map listing each municipality with its cédula series number (Castillo = 059).Cited in: Home, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.nalsite.com/imagenes/mapas/pdf/repdominicana/municipios.pdf
- 43MIT Technology Review en español — Ana Aquino (Guatemala)Founder of the BecaLab scholarship-matching platform.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.technologyreview.es/article/ana-aquino-guatemala-34
- 44Musica.com — Biografía de AkapellahVenezuelan rapper Pedro Elías Aquino Cova, born 1991 in Maracay.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.musica.com/akapellah/biografia
- 45Olympics.com — Javier AquinoMexican footballer from San Francisco Ixhuatán, Oaxaca; 2012 Olympic gold medalist.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.olympics.com/es/atletas/javier-aquino
- 46OnCubaNews — Ulises AquinoCuban baritone, founder of Ópera de la Calle (2006).Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://oncubanews.com/cultura/musica/ulises-aquino-el-publico-siempre-ha-sido-muy-generoso-conmigo/
- 47Philippine Daily Inquirer — In the Know: Melchora AquinoArrest in 1896, exile to Guam, return in 1903.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/122695/in-the-know-melchora-aquino
- 48Philstar — Kris Aquino, Boy Abunda reunite on TV (Oct 2026)Two-part special airing 28–29 October 2026.Cited in: Aquino Todayhttps://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2026/10/21/2564806/kris-aquino-boy-abunda-reunite-tv-after-11-years-2-part-special
- 49Radio Cadena Habana — El primer cubano en el BolshóiBaritone Rafael Aquino Guadalupe (1931–2024).Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.cadenahabana.icrt.cu/el-primer-cubano-en-el-bolshoi-05082026/
- 50Real Betis — Historia: Aquino, 'El Toro'Argentine striker Daniel Toribio Aquino, top scorer of Spain's Segunda División with Betis in 1993–94.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.realbetisbalompie.es/index.php/noticias/actualidad/historia-aquino-el-toro-24227
- 51SABR — Aquino AbreuSociety for American Baseball Research biography of the Cuban pitcher (d. 2023).Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://sabr.org/bioproj/person/aquino-abreu/
- 52SDE Today — Dominicana Jessica Aquino es reconocida en NYRecognition of Jessica Aquino for diaspora work (2026).Cited in: Aquino Today, Dominican Republichttps://sdetoday.com/internacional/dominicana-jessica-aquino-es-reconocida-en-ny-por-aportes-a-la-diaspora/
- 53Serie59.com — Alcalde Faurys Vélez Victorio (2026)Current mayor of Castillo.Cited in: Aquino Today, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.serie59.com/2026/04/alcalde-faurys-velez-victorio-presenta.html
- 54Serie59.com — Historia de CastilloLocal news outlet's history page: settlers 1718–1730, coffee introduced by Juanico Aquino and Gregorio Riva.Cited in: Around the World, Dominican Republic, Home, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.serie59.com/p/historia.html
- 55Serie59.com — Quiénes somosAbout page of the Castillo/Duarte news outlet named after the local cédula series.Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://www.serie59.com/p/quienes-somos.html
- 56SISMAP Municipal — Ayuntamiento de Castillo staff record (2017)Government performance-monitoring evidence file; staff cédulas overwhelmingly begin with 059.Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://sismap.gob.do/Municipal/uploads/evidencias/636379628274332675-Ayuntamiento-Castillo.pdf
- 57SISMAP Municipal — Evaluación del desempeño, Castillo 20222022 performance evaluation of 207 municipal staff in Castillo.Cited in: Aquino Today, Home, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://sismap.gob.do/Municipal/uploads/evidencias/638167215265502060-(207)Evaluacin-del-Desempeo-CASTILLO-2022.pdf
- 58Smithsonian — How Iva Toguri d'Aquino was pardonedOnly U.S. citizen convicted of treason ever pardoned.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/iva-daquino-toguri-remains-only-us-citizen-convicted-treason-who-has-ever-been-pardoned-180961818/
- 59Springer — Dominican Political Rising in NYC (2026)Book by Fernando Aquino.Cited in: Aquino Today, Dominican Republichttps://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-032-20331-1
- 60SunStar — Tantingco: Noynoy Aquino's Kapampangan rootsOrigins in southern Pampanga, move to San Bartolome, the 1861 flood.Cited in: Philippineshttps://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/tantingco-noynoy-aquinos-kapampangan-roots
- 61TarLakbay (DepEd Tarlac) — Aquino Ancestral HouseAncestral house in Concepción, Tarlac, completed 1938.Cited in: Philippineshttps://sites.google.com/deped.gov.ph/tarlakbayelakadsakasaysayan/maglakbay/aquino-ancestral-house
- 62Tatler Asia — The Aquino and Cojuangco-Aquino clansFamily history overview including Benigno Sr.'s marriages.Cited in: Philippineshttps://www.tatlerasia.com/power-purpose/wealth/family-matters-the-aquino-and-cojuangco-aquino-clans
- 63WikiApellidos — AquinoSpanish titles held by the Aquino (Prince of Castellón, Prince of Feroleto, Grandee), INE counts in Spain.Cited in: Aquino Today, Home, Spain & Napleshttps://wikiapellidos.com/aquino
- 64Wikipedia (de) — Aquino (Familienname)List of notable bearers of the Aquino surname with nationality and dates.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquino_(Familienname)
- 65Wikipedia (es) — Apolinar Aquino QuispeAymara union leader and guerrilla from Viacha (1932–1967).Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolinar_Aquino_Quispe
- 66Wikipedia (es) — Castillo (Duarte)Municipality article: name honors Manuel María Castillo; 2022 census figures.Cited in: Serie 59 · Castillohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castillo_(Duarte)
- 67Wikipedia (es) — Guarionex AquinoDominican baritone from Mao (1924–2010), founder of Radio Santa Cruz.Cited in: Dominican Republic, Serie 59 · Castillohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarionex_Aquino
- 68Wikipedia (es) — Guarionex Aquino (hijo)Dominican percussionist, son of the baritone.Cited in: Dominican Republichttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarionex_Aquino_(hijo)
- 69Wikipedia (es) — Guillermo AquinoArgentine satirical comedian and writer, born 1983.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_Aquino
- 70Wikipedia (es) — Pedro León AquinoArgentine Unitarian officer (1812–1852) killed by his own troops before Caseros.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Le%C3%B3n_Aquino
- 71Wikipedia (es) — Serapio AquinoAymara guerrilla from Viacha in the 1966–67 Ñancahuazú campaign.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapio_Aquino
- 72Wikipedia — Anastasio Aquino's rebellionNonualco uprising of 1833 led by Anastasio Aquino (1792–1833), of a family of Nonualco chiefs.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasio_Aquino
- 73Wikipedia — Aquino (surname)Toponymic Italian surname; Lombard noble family of Aquino.Cited in: Around the World, Italian Origins, Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquino_(surname)
- 74Wikipedia — Aquino familyPolitical family of Tarlac: Servillano, Benigno Sr., Ninoy, Cory, Noynoy, Kris, Bam and others.Cited in: Home, Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquino_family
- 75Wikipedia — Aristides AquinoDominican MLB outfielder born 1994 in Santo Domingo; 2019 rookie home-run records.Cited in: Aquino Today, Dominican Republic, Homehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristides_Aquino
- 76Wikipedia — Bam AquinoSenator since 30 June 2025; 2nd place in the 2025 Senate election.Cited in: Aquino Today, Home, Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bam_Aquino
- 77Wikipedia — Catálogo alfabético de apellidosGovernor Narciso Clavería's 21 November 1849 surname decree for the Philippines.Cited in: Home, Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_alfab%C3%A9tico_de_apellidos
- 78Wikipedia — Elizardo AquinoParaguayan general (1825–1866), hero of the War of the Triple Alliance.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizardo_Aquino
- 79Wikipedia — Fulgencio AquinoVenezuelan harpist and composer (1915–1994), 'King of the Tuyera Harp'.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Aquino
- 80Wikipedia — Kingdom of NaplesAragonese rule from 1442; Spanish viceroyalty 1504–1714.Cited in: Home, Spain & Napleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples
- 81Wikipedia — Lupe AquinoMexican boxer, WBC light middleweight champion in 1987.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupe_Aquino
- 82Wikipedia — María del Carmen AquinoEcuadorian National Assembly member.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_del_Carmen_Aquino
- 83Wikipedia — Melchora Aquino'Tandang Sora' (1812–1919), Mother of the Philippine Revolution.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchora_Aquino
- 84Wikipedia — Ninoy AquinoBenigno S. Aquino Jr. (1932–1983).Cited in: Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino
- 85Wikipedia — Osvaldo AquinoParaguayan footballer and coach (1952–2025), 1979 Copa América winner.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvaldo_Aquino
- 86Wikipedia — Pedro AquinoPeruvian midfielder born 1995, Peru national team.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Aquino
- 87Wikipedia — Servillano AquinoGeneral of the Revolution (1874–1959), his wives and children.Cited in: Home, Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servillano_Aquino
- 88Wikipedia — Thomas AquinasBorn c. 1225 at Roccasecca, died 1274 at Fossanova, canonized 1323; feast 28 January.Cited in: Home, Italian Originshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas
- 89Wikipédia (fr) — Famille d'AquinoHistory of the Lombard House of Aquino: Rodoaldo, counts of Aquino, Seven Great Houses of Naples, Grandee of Spain, d'Ávalos marriage.Cited in: Home, Italian Origins, Spain & Napleshttps://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_d'Aquino
- 90Wikipédia (pt) — Baden Powell (músico)Baden Powell de Aquino (1937–2000), guitarist and co-creator of the Afro-sambas.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden_Powell_(m%C3%BAsico)
- 91Wikipédia (pt) — Marçal AquinoBrazilian novelist, journalist and screenwriter.Cited in: Around the Worldhttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%A7al_Aquino
- 92Wiktionary — AquinoEtymology note and US 2010 census rank (1,368th; 25,783 people).Cited in: Aquino Todayhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aquino
